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| Neutrophil granulocytes (a.k.a., polymorphonuclear leukocytes) are normally found circulating in the bloodstream (half-life of ≅7 h) and migrating through tissues (2–3 days), devoting their short lifetime to surveillance55. During an infection, the neutrophil lifespan is increased, and large numbers of neutrophils are rapidly recruited to the site(s) of infection where they function to destroy invading pathogens. In this manner, neutrophils serve as one of the body’s first lines of defence against infection. These cells use an extraordinary array of oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent microbicidal weapons to destroy and remove infectious agents56. Oxygen-dependent mechanisms involve the production of ROS, which can be microbicidal57, and oxygen-independent mechanisms include most other neutrophil functions, such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation, and release of lytic enzymes and bactericidal peptides56.
55. Steinfeld JL. Principles of Hematology. Cancer Res. 1967;27:208-a-. 56. Witko-Sarsat V, Rieu P, Descamps-Latscha B, Lesavre P, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L. Neutrophils: Molecules, Functions and Pathophysiological Aspects. Lab Invest. 2000;80:617-653. 57. Roos D, Bruggena Rv, Meischl C. Oxidative killing of microbes by neutrophils. Microbes and Infection. 2003;5:1307-1315. |
Neutrophils (a.k.a., polymorphonuclear leukocytes) are normally found circulating in the bloodstream (circulating half-life of ~7 h) and migrating through tissues (2–3 days) and devote their short lifetime to surveillance [3]. However, during an infection, the neutrophil lifespan is increased, and large numbers of neutrophils are rapidly recruited to the site(s) of infection where they function to destroy invading pathogens. In this capacity, neutrophils serve as one of the body’s first lines of defense against infection. These cells use an extraordinary array of oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent microbicidal weapons to destroy and remove infectious agents [4]. Oxygen-dependent mechanisms involve the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be microbicidal [5], and oxygen-independent mechanisms include most other neutrophil functions, such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation, and release of lytic enzymes and bactericidal peptides (reviewed in ref. [4]).
3. Haen, P. J. (1995) Principles of Hematology, Dubuque, IA, Wm. C. Brown. 4. Witko-Sarsat, V., Rieu, P., Descamps-Latscha, B., Lesavre, P., Halbwachs-Mecarelli, L. (2000) Neutrophils: molecules, functions and pathophysiological aspects. Lab. Invest. 80, 617–653. 5. Roos, D., Van Bruggen, R., Meischl, C. (2003) Oxidative killing of microbes by neutrophils. Microbes Infect. 5, 1307–1315. |
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