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Arteriogenesis in Gja5 (Connexin-40) deficient mice

von Dr. Haitao Wang

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[1.] Haw/Fragment 005 01 - Diskussion
Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2014-10-17 17:19:21 Singulus
BauernOpfer, Fragment, Gesichtet, Haw, Heil and Schaper 2004, SMWFragment, Schutzlevel sysop

Typus
BauernOpfer
Bearbeiter
Hindemith
Gesichtet
Yes
Untersuchte Arbeit:
Seite: 5, Zeilen: 1-5
Quelle: Heil and Schaper 2004
Seite(n): 450, Zeilen: r. Spalte: 26ff
Haw 05a diss

The equation that already includes blood viscosity (η) and the internal radius of a vessel (R), demonstrates that increased blood flow (Q) will directly result in increased FSS (τ)[9]. Furthermore, the wall of the collateral arteriole is influenced by pressure-related forces like longitudinal-, circumferential-, and radial wall stresses.


9. Heil, M. and W. Schaper, Influence of mechanical, cellular, and molecular factors on collateral artery growth (arteriogenesis). Circ Res, 2004. 95(5): p. 449-58.

Haw 05a source

The equation that already includes blood viscosity (η) and the internal radius of a vessel (R), demonstrates that increased blood flow (Q) will directly result in increased FSS (τ).8 Furthermore, the wall of the collateral arteriole is influenced by pressure-related forces like longitudinal-, circumferential-, and radial wall stresses.


8. Cox R. Physiology and hemodynamics of the macrocirculation. In: Stehbens W, eds. Hemodynamics and the Blood Vessel Wall. Springfield, Ill: Charles C. Thomas; 1979:75–156.

Anmerkungen

Die Quelle ist angegeben, aber der Umfang der Übernahme wird nicht deutlich. Die Übernahme beginnt schon auf der Vorseite: Haw/Fragment 004 25.

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[2.] Haw/Fragment 005 06 - Diskussion
Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2014-10-16 17:55:23 Singulus
BauernOpfer, Fragment, Gesichtet, Haw, SMWFragment, Schaper 2009, Schutzlevel sysop

Typus
BauernOpfer
Bearbeiter
Hindemith
Gesichtet
Yes
Untersuchte Arbeit:
Seite: 5, Zeilen: 6-12
Quelle: Schaper 2009
Seite(n): 7, Zeilen: r. Spalte: 15ff
It is generally assumed that a physical stimulus starts the remodeling process whereby increased pressure leads to increased wall thickness and increased flow to increased arterial diameter. Pressure-dependent forces are by far the highest in magnitude and they affect both the endothelium as well as the muscular media. It is therefore logical to assume that these are important factors for remodeling[13, 25]. However, in collateral growth with its pressure gradient driven increase in flow, the much weaker FSS, which the viscous drag of flowing blood exerts on the endothelial [lining, is the determining force[11, 29-35].]

11. Eitenmuller, I., et al., The range of adaptation by collateral vessels after femoral artery occlusion. Circ Res, 2006. 99(6): p. 656-62.

13. Schaper, W., Tangential wall stress as a molding force in the development of collateral vessels in the canine heart. Experientia, 1967. 23(7): p. 595-6.

25. Korff, T., K. Aufgebauer, and M. Hecker, Cyclic stretch controls the expression of CD40 in endothelial cells by changing their transforming growth factor-beta1 response. Circulation, 2007. 116(20): p. 2288-97.

29. Ben Driss, A., et al., Arterial expansive remodeling induced by high flow rates. Am J Physiol, 1997. 272(2 Pt 2): p. H851-8.

30. Buus, C.L., et al., Smooth muscle cell changes during flow-related remodeling of rat mesenteric resistance arteries. Circ Res, 2001. 89(2): p. 180-6.

31. Girard, P.R. and R.M. Nerem, Shear stress modulates endothelial cell morphology and F-actin organization through the regulation of focal adhesion-associated proteins. J Cell Physiol, 1995. 163(1): p. 179-93.

32. Langille, B.L., Remodeling of developing and mature arteries: endothelium, smooth muscle, and matrix. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 1993. 21 Suppl 1: p. S11-7.

33. Resnick, N., et al., Fluid shear stress and the vascular endothelium: for better and for worse. Prog Biophys Mol Biol, 2003. 81(3): p. 177-99.

34. Tronc, F., et al., Role of NO in flow-induced remodeling of the rabbit common carotid artery. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1996. 16(10): p. 1256-62.

35. Tzima, E., et al., A mechanosensory complex that mediates the endothelial cell response to fluid shear stress. Nature, 2005. 437(7057): p. 426-31.

It is generally assumed that a physical stimulus starts the remodeling process whereby increased pressure leads to increased wall thickness and increased flow to increased arterial diameter. Pressure-dependent forces are by far the highest in magnitude and they affect both the endothelium as well as the muscular media. It is therefore logical to assume that these are important factors for remodeling [83, 121, 122]. [...] However, in collateral growth with its pressure gradient driven increase in flow the much weaker FSS, which the viscous drag of flowing blood exerts on the endothelial lining, is the determining force [8, 17, 35, 49, 85, 114, 142, 145, 149].

8. Ben Driss A, Benessiano J, Poitevin P, Levy BI, Michel JB (1997) Arterial expansive remodeling induced by high flow rates. Am J Physiol 272:H851–H858

17. Buus CL, Pourageaud F, Fazzi GE, Janssen G, Mulvany MJ, De Mey JG (2001) Smooth muscle cell changes during flow-related remodeling of rat mesenteric resistance arteries. Circ Res 89:180–186

35. Eitenmuller I, Volger O, Kluge A, Troidl K, Barancik M, Cai WJ, Heil M, Pipp F, Fischer S, Horrevoets AJ, Schmitz-Rixen T, Schaper W (2006) The range of adaptation by collateral vessels after femoral artery occlusion. Circ Res 99:656–662

49. Girard PR, Nerem RM (1995) Shear stress modulates endothelial cell morphology and F-actin organization through the regulation of focal adhesion- associated proteins. J Cell Physiol 163:179–193

83. Korff T, Aufgebauer K, Hecker M (2007) Cyclic stretch controls the expression of CD40 in endothelial cells by changing their transforming growth factor-beta1 response. Circulation 116:2288–2297

85. Langille BL (1993) Remodeling of developing and mature arteries: endothelium, smooth muscle, and matrix. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 21(Suppl 1):S11–S17

114. Resnick N, Yahav H, Shay-Salit A, Shushy M, Schubert S, Zilberman LC, Wofovitz E (2003) Fluid shear stress and the vascular endothelium: for better and for worse. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 81:177–199

121. Schaper W (1967) Tangential wall stress as a molding force in the development of collateral vessels in the canine heart. Experientia 23:595– 596

122. Schaper W (1971) The collateral circulation of the heart. Elsevier North Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam

142. Thoma R (1893) Untersuchungen über die Histogenese und Histomechanik des Gefäßsystems. F.Enke, Stuttgart

145. Tronc F, Wassef M, Esposito B, Henrion D, Glagov S, Tedgui A (1996) Role of NO in flow-induced remodeling of the rabbit common carotid artery. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 16:1256–1262

149. Tzima E, Irani-Tehrani M, Kiosses WB, Dejana E, Schultz DA, Engelhardt B, Cao G, DeLisser H, Schwartz MA (2005) A mechanosensory complex that mediates the endothelial cell response to fluid shear stress. Nature 437:426–431

Anmerkungen

Ein Verweis auf die Quelle folgt auf der nächsten Seite.

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