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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 6, Zeilen: 20-28 |
Quelle: Sheikh 2006 Seite(n): 4, Zeilen: 8-16 |
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| Interleukin (IL)-6 itself from the group of IL-6-type cytokines and IL-1β together with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α from the IL-1-type cytokine group are considered to be the major mediators of the acute-inflamamtion. At the inflammatory sites, IL-6 is produced by macrophages, endothelial cells and fibroblasts (Ramadori and Christ 1999). The release of mature IL-1β by macrophages seems to take place only during or after cell death (Perregaux and Gabel 1998). TNF-α is synthesized mainly by mononuclear phagocytes recruited at the sites of damage and by tissue macrophages. While IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α are the inducers of acute phase protein gene expression, other cytokines were shown to modulate this expression (Ramadori and Christ 1999).
Perregaux DG, Gabel CA (1998) Post-translational processing of murine IL-1: evidence that ATP-induced release of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta occurs via a similar mechanism. J Immunol 160:2469-2477 Ramadori G, Christ B (1999) Cytokines and the hepatic acute-phase response. Semin Liver Dis 19:141-155 |
Interleukin- (IL) 6 from the group of IL-6-type cytokines and IL-1β together with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α from the group of IL-1-type cytokine are considered to be the major mediators of the APR. At the inflammatory sites, IL-6 is produced by macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts (Ramadori and Christ, 1999). The release of mature IL-1β by macrophages seems to take place only during or after cell death (Perregaux and Gabel, 1998). TNF-α is synthesized mainly by mononuclear phagocytes recruited at the sites of damage and by tissue macrophages (Ramadori and Christ, 1999). While IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α are the inducers of acute-phase protein gene expression, other cytokines (Table 1) were shown to modulate this expression (Moshage, 1997).
Moshage H. Cytokines and the hepatic acute phase response. J Pathol 181: 257-266, 1997. Perregaux DG and Gabel CA. Post-translational processing of murine IL-1: evidence that ATP-induced release of IL-1{alpha} and IL-1{beta} occurs via a similar mechanism. J Immunol 160: 2469-2477, 1998. Ramadori G and Christ B. Cytokines and the hepatic acute-phase response. Semin Liver Dis 19: 141-155, 1999. |
Nearly identical - nevertheless nothing has been marked as a citation. |
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