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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 57, Zeilen: 3-16 |
Quelle: Roper et al 2003 Seite(n): L691, Zeilen: left col. 38-44 - right col. 1.7-18 |
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| Alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECII) are critical for normal lung development, homeostasis, and repair after injury. AECII produce pulmonary surfactant lipids and proteins required for reducing alveolar surface tension (Finkelstein et al., 1983; Shannon et al., 2001). As essential progenitors for type I epithelial cells, they are also critical for normal alveolar development and tissue remodelling after injury (Adamson and Bowdenet [sic], 1974; Adamson and Bowden, 1975). The ability to investigate organogenesis and disease progression by overexpressing and deleting genes in mice, particularly genes expressed by alveolar type II epithelial cells, has recently favoured the use of mouse models in pulmonary research.
Although mice are advantageous for manipulating genes, they have not been useful for isolating alveolar type II epithelial cells for ex vivo study so far. In contrast, rat and rabbit AECII have successfully been isolated using velocity centrifugation through a gradient of albumin (Dobbs and Mason, 1979 and Finkelstein et al., 1983). Isolation of mouse AECII by this method has been less successful. Adamson IY, Bowden DH. The pathogenesis of bloemycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Am J Pathol. 1974 Nov; 77 (2):185-97. Adamson IY, Bowden DH. The type 2 cell as progenitor of alveolar epithelial regeneration. A cytodynamic study in mice after exposure to oxygen. Lab Invest. 1974 Jan; 30 (1): 35-42. Adamson IY, Bowden DH. Derivation of type 1 epithelium from type 2 cells in the developing rat lung. Lab Invest. 1975 Jun; 32 (6): 736-45. Dobbs LG, Mason RJ. Pulmonary alveolar type II cells isolated from rats. Release of phosphatidylcholine in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. J Clin Invest. 1979 Mar; 63 (3): 378-87. Finkelstein JN, Maniscalco WM, Shapiro DL. Properties of freshly isolated type II alveolar epithelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1983 Jun 2; 762 (3): 398-404. Shannon JM, Pan T, Nielsen LD, Edeen KE, Mason RJ. Lung fibroblasts improve differentiation of rat type II cells in primary culture. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2001 Mar; 24 (3): 235-44. |
ALVEOLAR TYPE II epithelial cells are critical for normal lung development, homeostasis, and repair after injury. Type II cells produce pulmonary surfactant lipids and proteins required for reducing alveolar surface tension (10, 29, 30). As essential progenitors for type I epithelial cells, they are also critical for normal alveolar development and tissue remodeling after injury (1, 2). [...] The ability to investigate organogenesis and disease progression by overexpressing and deleting genes in mice, particularly genes expressed by type II cells, has recently favored the use of mice in pulmonary research (27).
Although mice are advantageous for manipulating genes, they have not been useful for isolating type II cells for ex vivo study. In contrast, rat and rabbit type II cells have successfully been isolated using velocity centrifugation through a gradient of albumin (8, 10). Isolation of mouse type II cells by this method has been less successful, because airway Clara cells, which are extremely abundant in mice, frequently contaminate the preparations (7, 18). 1. Adamson IY and Bowden DH. The type 2 cell as progenitor of alveolar epithelial regeneration. A cytodynamic study in mice after exposure to oxygen. Lab Invest 30: 35–42, 1974. 2. Adamson IYR and Bowden DH. Derivation of type 1 epithelium from type 2 cells in the developing rat lung. Lab Invest 32: 736–745, 1975. 7. Dobbs LG. Isolation and culture of alveolar type II cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 258: L134–L147, 1990. 8. Dobbs LG and Mason RJ. Pulmonary alveolar type II cells isolated from rats. Release of phosphatidylcholine in response to β-adrenergic stimulation. J Clin Invest 63: 378–387, 1979. 10. Finkelstein JN, Maniscalco WM, and Shapiro DL. Properties of freshly isolated type II alveolar epithelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 762: 398–404, 1983. 18. Kumar RK, Li W, and O’Grady R. Maintenance of differentiated phenotype by mouse type 2 pneumocytes in serum-free primary culture. Exp Lung Res 21: 79–94, 1995. 27. Perl AK and Whitsett JA. Molecular mechanisms controlling lung morphogenesis. Clin Genet 56: 14–27, 1999. 29. Rice WR, Conkright JJ, Na CL, Ikegami M, Shannon JM, and Weaver TE. Maintenance of the mouse type II cell phenotype in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 283: L256–L264, 2002. 30. Shannon JM, Jennings SD, and Nielsen LD. Modulation of alveolar type II cell differentiated function in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 262: L427–L436, 1992. 31. Shannon JM, Pan T, Nielsen LD, Edeen KE, and Mason RJ. Lung fibroblasts improve differentiation of rat type II cells in primary culture. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 24: 235–244, 2001. |
Nothing has been marked as a citation. Note that there are two references "Adamson and Bowden (1974)" in the bibliography. Note also that Mag gives the reference Shannon et al 2001 when Roper et al. actually give Shannon et al. 1974. Shannon et al. 2001 can be found in Roper's bibliography directly below Shannon et al. 1974. |
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