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| Titel | Stem Cells: Scientific Progress and Future Research Directions |
| Herausgeber | National Institutes of Health |
| Jahr | 2001 |
| URL | http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/2001report/Pages/2001report.aspx - http://stemcells.nih.gov/staticresources/info/scireport/PDFs/fullrptstem.pdf |
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| Fußnoten | (yes) |
| Fragmente | 3 |
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| 1: Introduction
1. Stem cells and Hematopoietic stem cells: It has long been known that stem cells are capable of renewing themselves and that they can generate multiple cell types. Efforts are now underway to harness stem cells and to take advantage of this new found capability, with the goal of devising new and more effective treatments for a host of diseases and disabilities. The stem cells that form blood and immune cells are known as hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). They are ultimately responsible for the constant renewal of bloodthe production of billions of new blood cells each day. 1.1 Definition of stem cells: A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that is capable of replicating or self renewing itself and developing into specialized cells of a variety of cell types. The product of a stem cell undergoing division is at least one additional stem cell that has the same capabilities of the originating cell. |
[S. 23]
It has long been known that stem cells are capable of renewing themselves and that they can generate multiple cell types. [...] Efforts are now underway to harness stem cells and to take advantage of this new found capability, with the goal of devising new and more effective treatments for a host of diseases and disabilities. [S. 43] The stem cells that form blood and immune cells are known as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). They are ultimately responsible for the constant renewal of blood—the production of billions of new blood cells each day. [S. 24] A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that is capable of replicating or self renewing itself and developing into specialized cells of a variety of cell types. The product of a stem cell undergoing division is at least one additional stem cell that has the same capabilities of the originating cell. |
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| 1.2 Hematopoitic stem cells and Hematopoiesis
1.2.1 Hematopoitic stem cells: A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell isolated from the blood or bone marrow that can renew itself, can mobilize out of the bone marrow into circulating blood, and can undergo programmed cell death, called apoptosisa process by which cells that are detrimental or unneeded self-destruct. |
WHAT IS A HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL?
A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell isolated from the blood or bone marrow that can renew itself, can differentiate to a variety of specialized cells, can mobilize out of the bone marrow into circulating blood, and can undergo programmed cell death, called apoptosis—a process by which cells that are detrimental or unneeded self-destruct. |
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| 1.3 Characterization of HSC:
HSC have an identity problem. First, the ones with long-term replicating ability are rare. Second, there are multiple types of stem cells and third, the stem cells look like many other blood or bone marrow cells. The most common approach is through markers that appear on the surface of cells. These are useful, but not perfect tools for the clinic and research laboratory [40, 41]. 40 Spangrude, G.J., Heimfeld, S., and Weissman, I.L., Purification and characterization of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Science 1988 241, 58-62. 41 Baum, C.M., Weissman, I.L., Tsukamoto, A.S., Buckle, A.M., and Peault, B., Isolation of a candidate human hematopoietic stem-cell population. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A 1992. 89, 2804-2808. |
CAN CELL MARKERS BE USED TO IDENTIFY HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS?
HSCs have an identity problem. First, the ones with long-term replicating ability are rare. Second, there are multiple types of stem cells. And, third, the stem cells look like many other blood or bone marrow cells. So how do researchers find the desired cell populations? The most common approach is through markers that appear on the surface of cells. (For a more detailed discussion, see Appendix E.i. Markers: How Do Researchers Use Them to Identify Stem Cells?) These are useful, but not perfect tools for the research laboratory. |
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