von Dott. Raffaele La Montagna
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| [1.] Rlm/Fragment 018 05 - Diskussion Zuletzt bearbeitet: 2014-12-03 07:53:56 Singulus | Fragment, Gesichtet, KomplettPlagiat, Rlm, SMWFragment, Schutzlevel sysop, Wong et al 2004 |
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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 18, Zeilen: 5-13, 19 |
Quelle: Wong et al 2004 Seite(n): 267, Zeilen: right col. 16-25 |
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| Post-translational modifications such as acetylation and sumoylation have been shown to influence the transactivation potential of the AR (19,20). However, it is not clear whether phosphorylation has an effect on the properties and activity of the AR. It has been shown that the AR is a phosphoprotein (21,22) and extra phosphorylation of the AR is induced when cells are exposed to androgens, in addition to the so-called basal AR phosphorylation observed in the absence of androgens(23). Phosphorylation occurs predominantly at serine residues, which are mainly located in the N-terminal domain.
[...] (24,25). 19) Fu, M., Wang, C., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Sakamaki, T., Yeung, Y. G., Chang, C., Hopp, T., Fuqua, S. A., Jaffray, E. et al. (2002) Androgen receptor acetylation governs trans activation and MEKK1-induced apoptosis without affecting in vitro sumoylation and trans-repression function. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 3373–3388 20) Poukka, H., Karvonen, U., Janne, O. A. and Palvimo, J. J. (2000) Covalent modification of the androgen receptor by small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO-1). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 14145–14150 21) van Laar, J. H., Bolt-de Vries, J., Zegers, N. D., Trapman, J. and Brinkmann, A. O. (1990) Androgen receptor heterogeneity and phosphorylation in human LNCaP cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 166, 193–200 22) van Laar, J. H., Berrevoets, C. A., Trapman, J., Zegers, N. D. and Brinkmann, A. O. (1991) Hormone-dependent androgen receptor phosphorylation is accompanied by receptor transformation in human lymph node carcinoma of the prostate cells. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 3734–3738 23) Gioeli, D., Ficarro, S. B., Kwiek, J. J., Aaronson, D., Hancock, M., Catling, A. D., White, F. M., Christian, R. E., Settlage, R. E., Shabanowitz, J. et al. (2002) Androgen receptor phosphorylation. Regulation and identification of the phosphorylation sites. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 29304–29314. 24) Kuiper, G. G. and Brinkmann, A. O. (1995) Phosphotryptic peptide analysis of the human androgen receptor: detection of a hormone-induced phosphopeptide. Biochemistry 34, 1851–1857 25) Kuiper, G. G., de Ruiter, P. E., Trapman, J., Boersma, W. J., Grootegoed, J. A. and Brinkmann, A. O. (1993) Localization and hormonal stimulation of phosphorylation sites in the LNCaP-cell androgen receptor. Biochem. J. 291, 95–101 |
Post-translational modifications such as acetylation and sumoylation have been shown to influence the transactivation potential of the AR [12,13]. However, it is not clear whether phosphorylation has an effect on the properties and activity of the AR. It has been shown that the AR is a phosphoprotein [14,15] and extra phosphorylation of the AR is induced when cells are exposed to androgens, in addition to the so-called basal AR phosphorylation observed in the absence of androgens [15,16]. Phosphorylation occurs predominantly at serine residues [16,17], which are mainly located in the N-terminal domain [18].
12 Fu, M., Wang, C., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Sakamaki, T., Yeung, Y. G., Chang, C., Hopp, T., Fuqua, S. A., Jaffray, E. et al. (2002) Androgen receptor acetylation governs trans activation and MEKK1-induced apoptosis without affecting in vitro sumoylation and trans-repression function. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 3373–3388 13 Poukka, H., Karvonen, U., Janne, O. A. and Palvimo, J. J. (2000) Covalent modification of the androgen receptor by small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO-1). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 14145–14150 14 van Laar, J. H., Bolt-de Vries, J., Zegers, N. D., Trapman, J. and Brinkmann, A. O. (1990) Androgen receptor heterogeneity and phosphorylation in human LNCaP cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 166, 193–200 15 van Laar, J. H., Berrevoets, C. A., Trapman, J., Zegers, N. D. and Brinkmann, A. O. (1991) Hormone-dependent androgen receptor phosphorylation is accompanied by receptor transformation in human lymph node carcinoma of the prostate cells. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 3734–3738 16 Gioeli, D., Ficarro, S. B., Kwiek, J. J., Aaronson, D., Hancock, M., Catling, A. D., White, F. M., Christian, R. E., Settlage, R. E., Shabanowitz, J. et al. (2002) Androgen receptor phosphorylation. Regulation and identification of the phosphorylation sites. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 29304–29314 17 Kuiper, G. G. and Brinkmann, A. O. (1995) Phosphotryptic peptide analysis of the human androgen receptor: detection of a hormone-induced phosphopeptide. Biochemistry 34, 1851–1857 18 Kuiper, G. G., de Ruiter, P. E., Trapman, J., Boersma, W. J., Grootegoed, J. A. and Brinkmann, A. O. (1993) Localization and hormonal stimulation of phosphorylation sites in the LNCaP-cell androgen receptor. Biochem. J. 291, 95–101 |
Identical, with identical references. Nothing has been marked as a citation. |
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Letzte Bearbeitung dieser Seite: durch Benutzer:Singulus, Zeitstempel: 20141203075458