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| Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 15, Zeilen: 1ff (komplett) |
Quelle: Sajikumar 2005 Seite(n): 14-15, 16, Zeilen: 14:15-24 - 15:1-2; 16:1-12 |
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| 1.3.2. Hippocampus, an ideal structure for investigating synaptic plasticity
Hippocampus is one of the useful structures for brain slice preparation and for investigating synaptic plasticity. The main reason is because of its structure, that allows a slice to be cut whilst preserving a large number of neurons and their interconnecting axons (Andersen et al., 1969;Amaral and Witter, 1989). The dendritic structure of the three main hippocampal cell types and their interconnecting axons lay in a single plane. This plane is oriented normal to the ventricular surface and to the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus. The lamellar structure allows slices to be taken without destroying the neurons together with their dendrites and axons. The highly organized and laminar arrangement of synaptic pathways with its extensive connections makes the hippocampus (Fig.1, adapted from (Amaral and Witter, 1989)) a convenient model for studying synaptic function in vitro and in vivo (Andersen et al., 1969;Amaral and Witter, 1989). Brain slices offer a variety of novel opportunities, the most obvious being visual inspection. Depending upon the brain region, histological landmarks can be seen with an ordinary dissecting microscope. In many ways the tissue can be seen in a gross microscopic slide. This allows visual control of electrode placement. It is also possible to direct electrodes to known parts of a given cell. For example, in the hippocampus, an electrode may be placed in the apical or basal dendritic tree of pyramidal cells at known distances from the soma to record the activity of a small group of synapses. Hippocampal slices in vitro also allow a comparison of the effectiveness of proximal and distal synapses to the same cell to be made. A great advantage is the lack of anaesthesis. This is of obvious importance for many studies on neuronal excitability, [but is also invaluable for many pharmacological studies.] 11. Amaral DG, Witter MP (1989) The three-dimensional organization of the hippocampal formation: a review of anatomical data. Neuroscience 31: 571-591. 12. Andersen P, Bliss TV, Lomo T, Olsen LI, Skrede KK (1969) Lamellar organization of hippocampal excitatory pathways. Acta Physiol Scand 76: 4A-5A. |
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Hippocampus is one of the useful structures for brain slice preparation and for investigating synaptic plasticity. The main reason is because of its structure, that allows a slice to be cut whilst preserving a large number of neurons and their interconnecting axons (Andersen et al., 1969;Amaral and Witter, 1989). The dendritic structure of the three main hippocampal cell types and their interconnecting axons lay in a single plane. This plane is oriented normal to the ventricular surface and to the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus. The lamellar structure allows slices to be taken without destroying the neurons together with their dendrites and axons. The highly organized and laminar arrangement of synaptic pathways [Seite 15] makes the hippocampus a convenient model for studying synaptic function in vivo and in vitro (Andersen et al., 1969;Amaral and Witter, 1989). [Seite 16] Brain slices offer a variety of novel opportunities, the most obvious being visual inspection. Depending upon the brain region, histological landmarks can be seen with an ordinary dissecting microscope. In many ways the tissue can be seen in a gross microscopic slide. This allows visual control of electrode placement. It is also possible to direct electrodes to known parts of a given cell. For example, in the hippocampus, an electrode may be placed in the apical or basal dendritic tree of pyramidal cells at known distances from the soma to record the activity of a small group of synapses. Hippocampal slice also allows a comparison of the effectiveness of proximal and distal synapses to the same cell to be made. A great advantage is the lack of anaesthesis. This is of obvious importance for many studies on neuronal excitability, but is also invaluable for many pharmacological studies. Amaral DG, Witter MP (1989) The three-dimensional organization of the hippocampal formation: a review of anatomical data. Neuroscience 31: 571-591. Andersen P, Bliss TV, Lomo T, Olsen LI, Skrede KK (1969) Lamellar organization of hippocampal excitatory pathways. Acta Physiol Scand 76: 4A-5A. |
Ohne Hinweis auf eine Übernahme. |
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