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Untersuchte Arbeit: Seite: 8, Zeilen: 1-20 |
Quelle: Geley and Mueller 2004 Seite(n): 985, 986, Zeilen: 985: r.col: letzte Zeilen; 986: l.col: 1ff |
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These discoveries led to the rapid improvement of RNAi tools, tailored to the needs of the various experimental systems, and triggered intense genetic and biochemical research into the molecular basis and regulation of RNAi (Hammond et al., 2001b; Tijsterman et al., 2002). It became clear that RNAi is a highly conserved mechanism that functions in many different cellular pathways from regulating gene expression to fighting infection and the dangers of mobile genetic elements.
1.2.1 Mechanism of RNAi The genetic and biochemical analysis of RNAi has led to a model, in which RNAi can be divided into two distinct phases: an initiation and an execution phase. The initiation phase involves the processing of dsRNA into siRNA. In the execution phase, siRNAs are then incorporated into large ribonucleoprotein complexes. These effector complexes interfere with gene expression by using the small RNA strand to identify their complementary mRNA, which becomes cleaved and degraded. In a related pathway, short non-coding single stranded RNAs, which are derived from partially complementary dsRNA precursor molecules, are used to regulate the translation of mRNAs harbouring complementary sequences in their 3'UTRs (Fig. 1). |
These discoveries led to the rapid improvement of RNAi tools, tailored to the needs of the various experimental systems, and triggered intense genetic and biochemical
[Seite 986] research into the molecular basis and regulation of RNAi (Hammond et al., 2001b: Tijsterman et al., 2002). It became clear that RNAi is a highly conserved mechanism that functions in many different cellular pathways from regulating gene expression to fighting infection and the dangers of mobile genetic elements. [...] 2. The RNAi mechanism The genetic and biochemical analysis of RNAi has led to a model, in which RNAi can be divided into two distinct phases: an initiation and an execution phase. The initiation phase involves processing of dsRNA into small RNA molecules, called small interfering RNAs (siRNA). In the execution phase, siRNAs are then incorporated into large ribonucleoprotein complexes. These effector complexes interfere with gene expression by using the small RNA strand to identify their complementary mRNA, which becomes cleaved and degraded. In a related pathway, short non-coding single stranded RNAs, which are derived from partially complementary dsRNA precursor molecules, are used to regulate the translation of mRNAs harbouring complementary sequences in their 3' UTRs. |
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