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Quelle: Wikipedia HEK 293 cells 2007
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[However the fact that the cells originated from] cultured kidney cells does not clearly indicate the exact cellular origin of the HEK 293, as embryonic kidney cultures may contain small numbers of almost all cell types of the body. In fact Graham and coworkers more recently provided evidence that HEK 293 cells and several other human cell lines generated by adenovirus transformation of human embryonic kidney cells have many properties of immature neurons, suggesting that the adenovirus was taken up and transformed a neuronal lineage cell in the original kidney culture (Shaw et al, 2002).

1.4.2 Applications of 293 cells

As an experimentally transformed cell line, HEK cells are not a particularly good model for normal cells, cancer cells, or any other kind of cell that is a fundamental object of research. However, they are extremely easy to work with, being straightforward to culture and to transfect, and so can be used in experiments in which the behaviour of the cell itself is not of interest. Typically, these experiments involve transfection in a gene (or combination of genes) of interest, and then analyzing the expressed protein; essentially, the cell is used simply as a test tube with a membrane. The widespread use of this cell line is due to its extreme transfectability by the calcium phosphate method, achieving efficiencies approaching 100% as determined by FACS using a 2 x PBS buffer. A lower efficiency might be achievable with an HBS buffer.

An important variant of this cell line is the 293T cell line that contains, in addition, the SV40 large T antigen, that allows for episomal replication of transfected plasmids containing the SV40 origin of replication. This allows for amplification of transfected plasmids and extended temporal expression of the desired gene products. Note that any similarly domesticated cell line can be used for this fort of work; Hela, COS and Chinese Hamster Ovary cell are common alternatives. Examples of such experiments include: A study of the effects of drug on sodium channels; testing of an inducible RNAi system; testing of an isoform-selective protein kinase C agonist; investigation of the interaction between two proteins; analysis of a nuclear export signal in a [protein (He et al, 1998).]

However the fact that the cells originated from cultured kidney cells does not say much about the exact cellular origin of the HEK 293, as embryonic kidney cultures may contain small numbers of almost all cell types of the body. In fact Graham and coworkers more recently provided evidence that HEK 293 cells and several other human cell lines generated by adenovirus transformation of human embryonic kidney cells have many properties of immature neurons, suggesting that the adenovirus was taken up and transformed a neuronal lineage cell in the original kidney culture (Shaw et al. 2002[3]).

Uses of HEK 293 Cells

As an experimentally transformed cell line, HEK cells are not a particularly good model for normal cells, cancer cells, or any other kind of cell that is a fundamental object of research. However, they are extremely easy to work with, being straightforward to culture and to transfect, and so can be used in experiments in which the behaviour of the cell itself is not of interest. Typically, these experiments involve transfecting in a gene (or combination of genes) of interest, and then analysing the expressed protein; essentially, the cell is used simply as a test tube with a membrane. The widespread use of this cell line is due to its extreme transfectability by the calcium phosphate method, achieving efficiencies approaching 100% as determined by FACS using a 2XPBS buffer. A lower efficiency might be achievable with an HBS buffer.

An important variant of this cell line is the 293T cell line that contains, in addition, the SV40 large T antigen, that allows for episomal replication of transfected plasmids containing the SV40 origin of replication. This allows for amplification of transfected plasmids and extended temporal expression of the desired gene products. Note that any similarly domesticated cell line can be used for this sort of work; HeLa, COS and Chinese Hamster Ovary cell are common alternatives.

Examples of such experiments include:

  • A study of the effects of a drug on sodium channels [4]
  • Testing of an inducible RNA interference system [5]
  • Testing of an isoform-selective protein kinase C agonist [6]
  • Investigation of the interaction between two proteins [7]
  • Analysis of a nuclear export signal in a protein [8]
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